[R] Pixel/Symbol Map Magic with ggplot
Abstract / TL;DR
Pixel maps are awesome. Short post on how to add symbols and create a production ready pixel/symbol map design with the ggplot, extrafont and emojifont packages.
“What you see is what you get - Pixel Map+Symbol Magic with R”
1 #TidyTuesday
Last week, Lisa Hehnke’s #TidyTuesday-contribution on Twitter got me really excited: She created an animated pixel map of all meteoroid impacts from 1900 to 2010:
As I was experimenting with symbols & dataviz for a client recently, I felt inspired to play around a bit with the potentials of combining pixels + symbols and some basic design tweaks. I was surprised how straightforward this was with R so I decided to share my approach.
Prerequisites
library(tidyverse)
library(maps)
library(extrafont) # + (Yanone Kaffeesatz and Font Awesome 4.7)
# install.packages(c("ggthemes", "emojifont", "scales"))2 The Dots
First, we need to turn the world into pixels.
All the Kudos here go to Taras Kaduk who pioneered the pixel map approach with
maps::map.where()in 2017. Give his Medium piece some 👏!
The toughest part is tweaking the proper relation between this “rasterisation” and the geom_point size / fig.width size parameters. This is probably something where you will need to play around. My primary approach was to keep the geom_point size / fig.width size constant for ggplot and tweak the resolution up here.
2.1 World
resolution <- 3
lat <- tibble(lat = seq(-90, 90, by = resolution))
long <- tibble(long = seq(-180, 180, by = resolution))
dots <- merge(lat, long, all = TRUE) %>%
mutate(country = maps::map.where("world", long, lat), # the magic
lakes = maps::map.where("lakes", long, lat)) %>%
filter(!is.na(country) & is.na(lakes)) %>%
select(-lakes)
head(dots, 3) %>% knitr::kable("html")| lat | long | country |
|---|---|---|
| 66 | -165 | USA:Alaska |
| -84 | -162 | Antarctica |
| 60 | -162 | USA:Alaska |
2.2 Capitals
Let’s also fetch all the world capitals with a population of 1 million and more. I sticked to the KISS-principle1 here and just round the coordinates to the nearest whole number. Whatever works, works.
capitals <- maps::world.cities %>%
filter(capital == 1 & pop >= 1000000) %>%
mutate(lat = round(lat, 0),
long = round(long, 0)) %>%
rename(country = country.etc) %>%
select(lat, long, country, name, pop)
head(capitals, 3) %>% knitr::kable("html")| lat | long | country | name | pop |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32 | 36 | Jordan | ’Amman | 1303197 |
| 6 | 0 | Ghana | Accra | 2029143 |
| 9 | 39 | Ethiopia | Addis Abeba | 2823167 |
You obviously could bind
countriesandcapitalsinto a singledata.frameand then filter/subset.
3 Pixel Time
3.1 World Pixel Map
We just need to resort to geom_point(size = 1). Let’s have a look at the base map without the capitals, first:
(pixelmap_base <- ggplot() +
geom_point(data = dots, aes(x = long, y = lat), color = "black", size = 1)
)
Not too bad, right? Now let’s add the capital cities and some opinionated design on top.
pixelmap_base +
geom_point(data = capitals, aes(x = long, y = lat), color = "#ffffff", size = 1) +
coord_sf(datum = NA,
# crs = 4326,
crs = 54009,
clip = "on",
ylim = c(-75, 85),
xlim = c(-160, 170)) +
labs(title = "Pixel Map Magic",
subtitle = str_c("World capitals with a population of more than 1 million. Made with ",
emojifont::emoji("heart"), " and R"),
caption = "@fubits") +
# theme_void() +
ggthemes::theme_map() +
theme(text = element_text(family = "Yanone Kaffeesatz Light", color = "gold"),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#212121", colour = NA),
title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 18),
plot.subtitle = element_text(colour = "#ffffff", face = "plain", size = 12),
plot.caption = element_text(size = 10, vjust = 10, hjust = 0.98),
plot.margin = margin(12,12,0,12)
)## Warning in CPL_crs_from_input(x): GDAL Error 1: PROJ: proj_create_from_database:
## crs not found## Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family not
## found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family not
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family not
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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Whoop whoop. What else can we do? Let’s replace the capital city dots with symbols (aka Font Awesome glyphs; but you could use Emojis or whatever Unicode symbol existing in a Font) and scale their size with the respective city’s population.
3.2 World Pixel Map with Symbols
Easiest way to handle fonts (at least on Windows) is to fetch the .ttf font file, install it on your system, and then use the extrafont package to import and load the fonts into the R session. This way, all you have to do post-import is to load the extrafont package or to run extrafont::loadfonts(device). On windows, use device = "win". Also, for reasons unknown, I could not get to render some glyphs from Font Awesome 5, so I just sticked to Font Awesome 4.7. And loading the `emojifont package kills the extrafont binding. So here’s my been-there-so-you-dont-have-to-struggle approach:
pixelmap_base +
# geom_point(data = capitals, aes(x = long, y = lat), color = "#ffffff", size = 1) +
geom_text(data = capitals, aes(x = long, y = lat, size = pop),
label = emojifont::fontawesome("fa-male"), # also: "\uf183" for Unicode
family = "FontAwesome", color = "#ffffff") + # or copy/paste glyphs
scale_size_continuous(labels = scales::number_format(), breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(2),
range = c(1,4)) + # downscaling for web
coord_sf(datum = NA,
# crs = 4326,
crs = 54009,
clip = "off",
ylim = c(-75, 85),
xlim = c(-160, 170)) +
labs(title = "Pixel+Symbol Map Magic",
subtitle = str_c("World capitals with a population of more than 1 million. Made with ",
emojifont::emoji("heart"), " and R"),
caption = "@fubits") +
theme_void() +
theme(text = element_text(family = "Yanone Kaffeesatz Light", color = "gold"),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#212121", colour = NA),
title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 18),
plot.subtitle = element_text(colour = "#ffffff", face = "plain", size = 12),
plot.caption = element_text(size = 10, vjust = 10, hjust = 0.98),
plot.margin = margin(12,12,0,12),
legend.position = c(0.1,0.33),
legend.title = element_blank(),
legend.text = element_text(size = 10)
)## Warning in CPL_crs_from_input(x): GDAL Error 1: PROJ: proj_create_from_database:
## crs not found## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
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## font family not found in Windows font database
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## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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3.3 World Pixel Map with Symbols and inverted Color Logic
When we do design or dataviz, we want to draw the reader’s full attention to our message. One easy way to do this here is to align the colors of the subtitle, the geom, and the legend’s key:
pixelmap_base +
# geom_point(data = capitals, aes(x = long, y = lat), color = "#ffffff", size = 1) +
geom_text(data = capitals, aes(x = long, y = lat, size = pop),
label = emojifont::fontawesome("fa-male"),
family = "FontAwesome", color = "gold") +
scale_size_continuous(labels = scales::number_format(), breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(2),
range = c(1,4)) + # downscaling for web
coord_sf(datum = NA,
# crs = 4326,
crs = 54009,
clip = "off",
ylim = c(-75, 85),
xlim = c(-160, 170)) +
labs(title = "Pixel+Symbol Map Magic",
subtitle = str_c("World capitals with a population of more than 1 million. Made with ",
emojifont::emoji("heart"), " and R"),
caption = "@fubits") +
theme_void() +
theme(text = element_text(family = "Yanone Kaffeesatz Light", color = "#ffffff"),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#212121", colour = NA),
title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 18),
plot.subtitle = element_text(colour = "gold", face = "plain", size = 12),
plot.caption = element_text(size = 10, colour = "gold", vjust = 10, hjust = 0.98),
plot.margin = margin(12,12,0,12),
legend.position = c(0.1,0.33),
legend.title = element_blank(),
legend.text = element_text(size = 10)
)## Warning in CPL_crs_from_input(x): GDAL Error 1: PROJ: proj_create_from_database:
## crs not found## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
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## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
## font family not found in Windows font database## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
## Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
## family not found in Windows font database
Not too bad for an exclusively R-based approach.
Of course, you’d still have to do some resolution + dpi + fig.width tweaking for using this in HiRes / print mode.
KISS := Keep It Simple, Stupid↩